Simple Vertical Boiler, Construction, and Working:
It consists of a
cylindrical shell. This shell is usually placed in a vertical position. A popular boiler of this
type has got the capacity of generating 300 kg of steam/hr. Its working
pressure goes up to 10 bar.
The main characteristics of this boiler are as under:
1. It is vertical.
2. It is portable with a very
small floor area.
3. It is a water tube
boiler.
4. It is a multi-tube
boiler with two cross tubes.
5. It is internally fired.
6. It is naturally
circulated.
7. It is a solid fuel-burning boiler.
8. It is a low-pressure
boiler.
- Cylindrical shell
- Tubes
- Firebox
- Grate
- Ash pit
- Fire hole
- Water level and steam indicator
1. Cylindrical shell: In this
shell, cross-tubes are arranged.
2. Tubes: These tubes are
placed at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees with the horizontal axis.
3. Firebox: The firebox is
provided at the bottom of the shell. This fire-box is fitted with a grate (a platform on
which coal is placed and burnt).
4. Grate: The grate is made of
a number of steel or C.I. bars. These bars are fixed in such a way that an air
space is provided between bars. The air space will help the ashes produced by the
combustion of coal or any other fuel to fell down.
5. Ash pit: An ash pit or ash
pan is placed below the grate. The function of the ash pit is to collect the
ashes.
6. Fire hole: A fire hole is
provided on one side of the grate. The function of this fire
hole is to add the coal as
and when needed.
7. Water level and steam indicator: A large portion of the shell is filled with water. The firebox is also surrounded by water. The quantity of water is quite substantial. The remaining portion of
the shell contains steam. The firebox is provided with two cross-tubes. This
increases the heating surface and circulation of water.
Working of Simple Vertical Boiler:
Feeding of water in the
boiler is done through the feed check valve. The level of the water is adjusted by
knowing the level of water from the water level indicator. Coal is added to the
grate from the fire hole. The boiler is then fired. The hot gases produced by
the combustion of coal moves upwards. These upward-moving gases come in contact
with the inclined cross- tubes. The heat is transferred to the water inside the
tubes. Because of the inclination of tubes, the circulation of water is in the
boiler by natural circulation. The chimney is provided to exhaust the hot
gases, because of the heat transfer the water in the boiler is converted into steam. This steam is
collected to space provided in the boiler, above the water level. This steam is
then taken out through the steam stop valve for use.
This type of boiler is very
compact. It is easy to transport these types of boilers. The space requirement
is very less and it does not require a heavy foundation.
The efficiency of the boiler:
Hot gases directly go to
the chimney and since the heat transfer is less to the water the efficiency of
this boiler is very low. In the ideal condition, it is 50 % approx.
Technical specifications:
Steam generation rate: 50
kg/hr to 100 kg/hr
Steam pressure: 2 bar to 10
bar
Drum diameter: 0.6 m to 2
m.
Drum height 1.2 m to 4 m
Heating surface area: 8 to
10 times the grate area.
Mountings and Accessories Used in Simple Vertical Boiler:
Related Post: Boiler Mountings
- Feed check valve - To fill water into the boiler shell.
- Water level indicator - To know the level of water in the boiler.
- Pressure gauge - To indicate the pressure of steam inside the shell.
- Safety valve - For the safety of the boiler against excessive pressure.
- Steam stop valve - For taking the steam out of the boiler for further utilization.
- Man-hole - For workman to enter in the boiler for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance
- A chimney - To exhaust the burnt flue gases out of the boiler.
- Hand holes - For necessary cleaning of the tubes from time to time.
- Blow-off cock - For removing impurities and scale etc., present in water which collects at the bottom of the boiler and to empty the boiler when necessary.
- Fusible plug - To protect the boiler from overheating due to the low water level.
Advantages of Simple Vertical
Boiler
The following are the
advantages of a simple vertical boiler:
1. The initial cost is low because of the less number of parts.
2. The
cost of maintenance is very low.
3. The
construction and working are simple.
4. The
installation and replacement of parts are easy.
5. The
space requirement is less.
Disadvantages:
1. The vertical design of this boiler limits its work
in many places.
2. Steam production is limited.
3. The impurities settle at the bottom and thus
prevents the water from heating up.
Application of Simple Vertical
Boiler:
The following are the
application of a simple vertical boiler:
1. It is
mostly used for applications in railway locomotives, for example, a railway
steam engine.
2. Simple
vertical boilers are employed in road vehicles such as steam wagons or steam
lorry.
3. The
simple vertical boiler application in a steam tractor.
4. The number of boats is particularly small which uses simple vertical boilers to
power the engine.
5. In some
parts of the world ordinary vertical boilers are used in the steam donkey.
6. Simple
vertical boilers are also worked in steam cranes and steam shovels.
Simple Vertical Boiler, Construction, Working And List of Parts
Reviewed by Harish
on
September 15, 2020
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